PINEAPPLE CULTIVATION 2

3) Fertilization

In planting pineapple done giving of manure with a dose of 20 tonnes per hectare. How the grant:

• Be mixed evenly with a layer of soil over or inserted per hole for planting
• Use of inorganic fertilizers. Nitrogen (N) is indispensable to the growth of plants, phosphorus is needed for several months in early growth while Potassium is necessary for the development of fruit, especially pineapple. Its use of fertilizer, combined with the flowering stimulus.

Planting Techniques

Determination Of Planting Patterns

The cropping pattern is setting the layout of crops and crop kinds of sequences with given time, within a year. Pineapple cultivation in engineering there are several cropping systems, namely:

• Single line System or square with a distance of planting 150 x 150 cm both within and between rows; 90 x 30 cm distance in rows 30 cm, and the distance between rows is 90 cm
• Double line System with the planting distance is 60 x 60 cm, and the distance between rows of the left and right of the 2 rows are 150 cm and the distance of planting 45 x 30 cm, and the distance between the rows of plants to the left and right of the 2 rows of plants is 90 cm
• Triple row System with a distance of 30 x 30 cm planting forms the equilateral triangle with the distance between the rows of the left or right of the 3 rows of plants: planting and spacing 90 cm 40 x 30 cm with the distance between the rows of the left or right of the three ranks is 90 cm
• System line with distance fourfold 30 x 30 cm and the distance between rows of the left or right of the 4 row crop 90 cm.

The Planting Hole Making

The planting hole making on the trunks is selected in accordance with a system of planting. The planting hole size: 30 x 30 x 30 cm.
Planting

Good planting is done at the beginning of the rainy season. The steps are done:

• Make the planting hole in accordance with the distance and the selected cropping systems
• Take the pineapple seeds healthy and good and planted seedlings in planting holes available, each one seed per planting hole
• Soil pressed or compacted around the base of the stems of pineapple seedlings in order not easily collapsed and plant roots can direct contact with groundwater
• Done watering until the ground is damp and wet
• Planting the seeds of a pineapple don't get too deep, 3-5 cm section of the base of the stem buried in the ground so seeds easy foul.
Plant Maintenance
• Thinning and the stitching is
Spacing is not done because the pineapple, pineapple plant specific and not shaped like a tree. The activities of the stitching is required to replace pineapple plants that don't grow well in hopes of obtaining a uniform crop and synchronously.
• Weeding
Weeding is required to clean out the pineapple garden of weeds and weed competitor in terms of pineapple plant needs water, sunlight and nutrient elements. Weeds often become a den of disease. The weeding time depends on the growth of weeds in the garden, but to save the cost of weeding is done simultaneously with the activity of fertilization. Way of weeding is done by unplugging the grass. The soil around the base of the stem are seedbed on pineapple.
• Fertilizing
Fertilizing plants were carried out after 2-3 months with artificial fertilizers. Fertilizing subsequent repeated every 3-4 months to plant flowering and fruiting. Fertilizer following repeated every 4 months with the same dose.
• Irrigation and Watering
Although the pineapple plant resistant to a dry climate, however for optimum plant growth required enough water. Irrigation/watering done 1-2 times a week depending on the circumstances or the weather. Pineapple plant adults still need watering to stimulate flowering and fertilization optimally. Soil that is too dry can cause growth of dwarf and pineapple fruit is small.

4) Harvest

Harvest pineapple done after the age of 12-24 months, depending on the type of seed to be used. Crown seedlings originating from the flowers bear fruit at the age of 24 months, to harvest the fruit after 24 months. The plant comes from the stem shoots were harvested after age 18 months, while the root buds after 12 months.

Pineapple fruit traits that are ready for harvest:

• Open the fruit Crown
• Stalk change shrinks
• The eyes of fruit are more horizontal, round shape and large
• The color of the bottom of the yellow fruit
• Embossed pineapple fragrance, fragrant and distinctive.
If the fruit is ready for harvest, typically will grow pineapples under the parent tree seedlings are commonly called seeds of the armpit. So the cutting down of trees harvested pineapple with the parent, but still let the pineapples growing saplings beside or below.

How to harvest the pineapple:

• Pineapples are harvested by way of the base of the stalk horizontally or tilted cut fruit with a sharp knife and sterile
• Harvesting is done carefully so as not broken and bruised
• A plant that was 4-5 years need to be rejuvenated because its growth is slow and small fruits

How to disassemble a whole rejuvenation of the pineapple plant is to be replaced with the new seeds.
Potential production per hectare of a pineapple plant cultivated intensively can reach 38-75 tons/hectare. In general the average 20 tons/hectare, depending on the type of pineapple and planting systems.



PINEAPPLE CULTIVATION 1

Author : Sisca

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