How To Treat Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer is the growth of cells uncontrollably in the prostate gland. The prostate is a small gland in the male pelvis, which is part of the reproductive system. The prostate is located below the bladder in front of the rectum. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra, that channel that carries urine from the bladder to the penis.

The prostate produces fluids that help nourish and protect your sperms. During ejaculation, the prostate secretes fluid into the urethra. There are prostate cancers that are aggressive and can spread quickly. But in General, prostate cancer grows slowly and does not spread.

According to the WHO data, prostate cancer is the most common cancer cases second-order in men. Approximately 1.1 million men worldwide, is diagnosed with prostate cancer and there are 307 thousand cases of death in the year 2012.

Prostate cancer is the leading cause of death due to cancer No. 3 in men. Age is also a factor, where the 40-year-old man has a level of risk between 200,000 whereas the moment they stepped on the age of 50 years, the level of risk of developing cancer of the prostate increased to 12 per 100,000 people, and be 12 of 10,000 men by the time they stepped on the age of 60 years.

In addition to age, here are some factors that can increase the risk of developing cancer of the prostate:

• Family health history. If there are family men who suffer from prostate cancer or women who had breast cancer, your risk for developing cancer of the prostate will increase.
• The food. Consuming foods containing high calcium too often can also increase the risk of developing cancer of the prostate.
• Obesity. Excess weight increases the risk of a man affected by prostate cancer.
• Change genes. Some changes to inherited genes can increase the risk of developing cancer of the prostate.
• Some type of food. Men often consume red meat or dairy products are high in fat will have a risk of developing cancer of the prostate is slightly higher than the guy who's just a bit of consuming both types of food.
• Chemical material Exposure.
• Prostate Inflammation. Some studies mention that prostate inflammation is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer.
• Smoking.
• Sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia can probably place increases the risk of cancer types

Prostate Cancer Symptoms
 
Prostate cancer may not cause any symptoms in the early stages. Prostate cancer symptoms prostate occurs when too large or swell and start to affect the urethra.

We see the following symptoms:

• Difficult urination
• Pain when urinating
• Out blood when urinary
• Hard an erection or hold an erection
• Blood in the sperm
• Defecate Hard and there are other digestive tract problems
• Continuous Pain in the lower back, hips or thighs in the top
• Frequent urination at night
• The reduced quantity of urine
• Swelling in the feet

A Diagnosis Of Prostate Cancer
 
There are a lot of tests and examinations to determine the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The most common test for detecting prostate cancer is:

• Screening tests for early detection
• The Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) – this procedure performed by a doctor using a finger that was already wearing gloves to inspect part of the rectum. The doctor will be able to feel the lump or growth of prostate cancer.
• Tests for Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test – this test is the most common initial tests done to detect prostate cancer. Done in this test is checking the levels of PSA, namely proteins produced by cells of the prostate gland in the blood. The higher simply applied, the greater the possibility of cancer, although other factors can cause a rise in PSA content.

Tests for diagnosing prostate cancer

• Prostate Biopsies – if there is a suspicion of prostate cancer, a biopsy is performed procedure – which raised promptly sent a sample to the network. When the result turned out to be positive, then it takes a bone scan or scan using a computer is done in the pelvic area to ascertain how far the cancer has spread.
• Trans-Rectal Ultrasound – this procedure uses sound waves to obtain visualization of the prostate gland. This procedure is most often used in conjunction with the biopsy procedures to guide the needle towards the prostate gland which allegedly contained tumors.

Tests after cancer is diagnosed

• PSA Levels – when cancer positive PSA rate been undiagnosed, can help ensure its spread. When the PSA level below 20ng/ml, then most likely the cancer has not spread to other organs of the body. The PSA level is more than 40ng/ml is a strong indication that the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
• Tests Metastases – when a biopsy has indicated the presence of cancer, another test should be conducted to find out how far the cancer has spread. A bone scan and x-rays can ascertain whether the cancer has spread to the bone. CT scan or MRI can further be locating cancer appropriately.

How to treat prostate cancer?
 
In some cases, due to prostate cancer takes a long time to grow, then the treatment has risks of its own. The doctor may choose to monitor the tumor rather than treat it immediately. It is caused by a dependent treatment against several factors such as the stage of cancer, symptoms, age, as well as the general condition of the patient's health.

• Surgery. When a treatment has been determined, the process may involve the appointment of cancer through surgical procedures, by lifting the prostate gland cancer, when only the local only. Total healing opportunities are extremely high on such cases, but can cause side effects lack of urine or impotence
• Radiation therapy. Using high-energy x-rays are directed to kill cancer cells.
• Hormone therapy. This procedure can be used to treat cancer that has spread further than the prostate where the hormone is used to counteract the effects of testosterone and slows the growth of cancer.
• Chemotherapy. Occasional time in some cases, chemotherapy is used to alleviate or eliminate the effects of prostate cancer symptoms when other treatments assessed procedure less effective.

Drugs that can be used to treat prostate cancer is:

• Mitoxantron
• Prednisone
• Paclitaxel
• Dosetaxel
• Estramustin
• Adriamycin

Side effects vary and are subject to the remedies provided.


The Way Prostate Cancer Prevention

You can reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer if you:

• Choose healthy food that is rich in vegetables and fruit. Avoid fatty foods. Fruit and vegetable has a lot of vitamins and minerals that are beneficial to health. One nutrient that consistently helps prevent prostate cancer is lycopene.
• Choose healthy foods instead of using supplements. There is no research to suggest that the supplement has reduced the risk of prostate cancer. Foods that are healthy and rich in nutrients is more beneficial in maintaining the body's health.
• Often exercise. Exercising will improve your health and maintain your weight. There is evidence that explains that men frequently exercise has little affected cases of prostate cancer than those not exercising.
• Keep your healthy weight. If you have an ideal weight this time, keep your weight, staying healthy with exercise. If you have more weight, reduce the calories in your daily food and exercise more.
• Talk to your doctor if you think that you have an increased risk of prostate cancer. The study found that the drug finasteride (Propecia, Proscar) can prevent or delay the formation of prostate cancer in men age 55 or over. This medication is usually used to control enlargement of the prostate gland and hair loss in men.

That's about prostate cancer.

MALNUTRITION

MALNUTRITION

Malnutrition is an inefficient provision between the supply of nutrients and energy to the needs of the body to ensure the growth and maintain specific functions in the body. Malnutrition can affect almost any organ system of the body. The proteins needed to form the organs in the body. Women and children are the most widely experienced malnutrition.

Malnutrition is often associated with the State of undernourishment, but actually the Malnutrusi also cover the excess nutrients. Malnutrition due to lack of nutrition is often associated with poverty, particularly in developing countries, otherwise the excess nutrient malnutrition associated with developed countries or countries that obesity numbers increase.

Malnutrition is generally aimed at children, especially toddlers. The cause is due to the intake of nutrients, less precise, so that the annoying process of growth and development of the children's bodies. Malnutrition in children will interfere with the process of brain development, i.e., the decrease in the speed of growth of the brain, the lower brain weights and others. This condition is likely to result in mental retardation, can even lead to death.

The Causes Of Malnutrition:

• Food production problems
• The issue of the distribution of foodstuffs
• Error feeding pattern or type of food given to children.

Excess nutrient malnutrition caused by the feeding of the nutritional value and the excess calories.

In addition to the factors above, it can be concluded that one factor that also has the cause of Malnutrition is the lack of public knowledge or parents about giving nutritional intake is right for their children.

Based on the severity, malnutrition is divided into:

• Malnutrition rate of light
• Malnutrition secondary level
• Acute levels of Malnutrition

Symptoms of mild and medium levels of Malnutrition are not clear. While acute Malnutrition levels, indicating a clear clinical symptoms and will show symptoms of changes in behavior, such as a decrease in the ability to socialize the awareness and decrease restlessness.

Acute levels of malnutrition are divided:

• Marasmus
• Kwashiorkor

• MARASMUS

Marasmus is caused by a shortage of almost all of the nutrients and energy sources, especially proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Symptoms in Marasmus:

• The face like the face of an old man
• A decrease in consciousness
• Dry skin, cold, saggy
• Bones clearly visible due to the shrinking muscles
• Often have diarrhea
• Blood pressure decreased
• Heart rate decreased
• Reduced respiratory Frequency

• KWASHIORKOR

 Kwashiorkor occurs because not enough protein intake in the diet that goes into the body. Protein required for cell repair, making new cells, as well as important for growth during infancy and pregnancy.

Symptoms in Kwashiorkor:

• The sufferer more often experience loss of consciousness than the sufferer Marasmus
• Children often refuse any kind of food
• Red Patches on the skin and extends that will turn black chipped
• Colored hair dull and easily repealed
• Occur throughout the body of the Adema



Kwashiorkor can be prevented and treated by consuming foods that contain protein such as meat, milk, cheese, fish, eggs, soy, nuts, and seeds.

PREVENTION

Malnutrition prevention efforts are very necessary is encouraged to lower the risk of the child affected by Malnutrition. There are many ways that can be done to prevent Malnutrition, among others:

• Educate and provide information to the public about how to meet the good nutrition.
• Provide balanced nutrition intake for children
• Providing BREAST MILK exclusively for the newborn for 6 months
• BREAST MILK until the baby is given a fixed age 2 years plus a nutritious food
• Regularly check the condition of the growth of the baby to the doctor.

Malaria symptoms and treatment

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Protozoan parasite genus Plasmodium that attacks red blood cells.
The disease is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions that are in wide ribbon around the equator. This includes many from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In 2015, there are 214 million cases of malaria around the world. This has resulted in approximately 90% of the death, 438,000 of which occur in Africa. Disease rates declined from 2000 to 2015, amounting to 37%, but increased from 2014 where there are 198 million cases.

The disease is transmitted through the female anopheles mosquito bites. There are several species of the anopheles mosquito, among others:

Plasmodium Vivax
Plasmodium Ovale
Plasmodium Falciparum
Plasmodium Malarie
Plasmodium Vivax
Plasmodium Knowlesi

Plasmodium Vivax is the parasitic protozoa and human pathogens. P. Vivax is one of four species of malarial parasite that generally attack humans. P. Vivax is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito.

Plasmodium Ovale is a parasite is more rare than two other parasites, and not as dangerous P. Falciparum.

Plasmodium Falciparum is a Protozoan was entered into the human body through Anopheles mosquito females. P. Falciparum causes the most dangerous infections and complications and mortality rate of malaria.

Plasmodium Malarie is closely related to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, which causes most of the malaria infection.

Plasmodium Knowlesi which causes malaria in macaques, known lately in Southeast Asia also infect humans.
Plasmodium Falciparum, Plasmodium Malarie, Plasmodium Vivax malaria is kind of all over the world. Sentara that type of malaria Plasmodium Ovale is normally only found in Africa. Plasmodium Falciparum malaria type is the most cause of death.

Plasmodium life cycle starting from the entry of the sporozoit into the human bloodstream. In less than 30 minutes will move to the liver, and within 6-16 days will grow into the thousands Merozoit. Merozoit moved into the bloodstream and thrive there.
Early symptoms of malaria in humans:

On early symptoms, similar to a mild systemic viral infection symptoms. Such as headaches, tired, weak, feeling uncomfortable in the digestive tract, muscle and joint pain and followed by a fever, chills, sweating, vomiting, and condition the sufferer would further deteriorate. Because the early symptoms are not specific, often not diagnosis if it is only viewed from the symptoms only.

Symptoms caused by p. Malariae and p. Ovale is usually mild, while the symptoms that caused P. Falciparum is typically heavier than the other. The typical symptom is swelling of the spleen and anemia, this happened on chronic malaria.

The typical fever attack usually begins during the day, starting with a period of chills that can be accompanied by seizures in children. This period lasted between 15 to 60 minutes. Next proceed to the peak period of fever. This period, usually lasts about 2 hours and the fever reaches the 410C bias. Next period are forwarded to the sweating, the body temperature will decrease quickly, the body gets tired and sleepy.

The symptoms of malaria can recur after a period free of symptoms. Depending on the cause, can be classified as a recrudescence of recurrence, relapse. Recrudescence is when the symptoms return after the free period symptoms. This is caused by a parasite living in the blood as a result of inadequate treatment or not effective.

Malaria is treatable with antimalarial drugs used depend on the type and severity of the disease.
Uncomplicated malaria can be treated with oral medications. The most effective treatment for infection with p. falciparum is the use of artemisinin in combination with another antimalarial medicine (artemisinin-combination therapy), which lowers the resistance to medication, one-component. Antimalarial drug additions include: lumefantrine, amodiaquine, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine or mefloquine.

Other recommended combination of dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine is. The ACT is about 90% effective when used to treat uncomplicated malaria. To treat malaria during pregnancy, the WHO recommends the use clindamycin in early pregnancy, and ACT in the final stage.

Infection with p. vivax, p. ovale or p. malariae is usually treated without hospitalization. The treatment of p. vivax parasite stages treatment requires either in the blood (with chloroquine or ACT) and cleaning the parasitic form in the liver with primaquine.

The recommended treatment for malaria is the use of antimalarial drugs intravenously. The treatment of severe malaria involves measures of support which is best done in the intensive care unit. This includes the management of a high fever and seizures that may arise from it. It also includes monitoring for respiratory effort, low blood sugar, and low blood potassium.

Avoid in order not to be bitten mosquitoes is the way most major precautions to avoid contracting malaria. You can use netting to cover the bed, getting rid of standing water, wear lotion anti insects and use clothing or blankets that cover the skin of the body.